杂谈·随笔******WTO圓桌會議在即,我現在也許正和大家一樣滿肚子意見,所以藉此發表一下對WTO這個經貿組織的意見。
初次接觸自由貿易要追索回預科的經濟學課程。十九世紀著名英國經濟學家李嘉圖(David Ricardo)於1817發表的比較優勢學說(Theory of Comparative Advantage)剖析了國力較弱的國家如何透過貿易取得經濟上優勢。我想任何經濟學科的課程也必定提及到這理論。的而且確貿易通商有助多個國家互補不足,完全合符經濟效益。當年的我,對於這學說是十分受落的。
大一留學蘇國時,為了拼命改善英文,不惜用了四十多鎊訂閱了一整年的《經濟學人》。1999年WTO會議於西雅圖舉行,一如以往受到廣泛關注,加上會議其間發生暴力衝突,使傳媒大幅報導。當我收到那期《經濟學人》時,看到封面令我摸不著頭腦︰促進世界經濟發展的組織為什麼招來這麼多的反對團體?
及後詳細把報導讀完亦與不同人士討論後才恍然大悟。發展中國家為何經過這麼多年,經濟也未能起飛?原來支撐經濟的農民們失業了。發達國家利用其龐大的經濟規模把大糧農產品賤價輸出,直接狙擊發展中國家的農民,使其失去競爭力。WTO跟傳統課本說的自由經貿完全是兩碼子的事。WTO沒有負起扶貧的責任,反且處處要求多個國家開放市場並簽下種種不平等條約,好讓那些世界強國的經濟繼續保持高增長。WTO秘書長Pascal Lamy亦厚顏無恥地說出了這荒謬的真相。
‘’The WTO is not to distribute wealth, but create wealth. It may destroy wealth in some places, but it will create more than it will destroy.'’
如果WTO並不是為扶貧而設的組織,那它的存在價值在哪裡?我們還能容許這個組織的存在嗎?
我雖然於一個資本主義社會長大,但對這個社會體系十分有保留。資本主義為所有人提供了機會,同時亦為所有人提供了剝削對方的機會,使貧者愈貧、富者愈富。WTO、IMF及World Bank這類組織理應是為發展中國家提拱一個公平競爭的平台,而不是去剝削其僅有的資源。這亦是我對這些組織最大不滿。
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Ciao sono Roberta dall'Italia,esattamente dalla toscana,ho ricevuto la tua richiesta di amicizia ,accetto volentieri,quando vuoi passa dal mio blog e lascia un saluto.. glitter-graphics.com.